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Metasploitable 2 – Password Hash Cracking with John the Ripper Posted on July 4, 2017 by securityaspirations This post assumes you have access to a the target filesystem in question and want to extract and then crack the password hashes from the local machine. May 03, 2020 There are lots of hash types of present over the internet but we are going to use MD5 in this article MD5 hash is a new type of encryption now widely used so let's crack the hash. First, we need to store the hash in.txt file which can then accessible for john the ripper using the command. To make John focus on breaking the LM hashes, use the following command: john -format=LM If you have LM hashes that exist, you should start to see them pop up right away.
This post assumes you have access to a the target filesystem in question and want to extract and then crack the password hashes from the local machine.
In this example I am going to crack the account passwords used in Metasploitable 2 but the techniques here can be used in many different scenarios.
John the Ripper is included by default with Kali 2 – which is what I am using here.
To be able to crack the accounts we need two files from the target system:
- /etc/passwd -> Containing the user information
- /etc/shadow -> Containing the corresponding password hashes for the users
(Again there are various ways you could grab these files – for a vey simple example using Metaspolitable 2 as the target see this post here: https://securityaspirations.com/2017/07/03/metasploitable-2-compromise-nfs-shares/)
Once you have the two files we can begin cracking them with John the Ripper.
However before we give the hashes to John, we need to combine the two files into one so that the user and the password hashes are merged. We can do this with a utility called ‘Unshadow’ (also included in Kali2 by default).
The command required is:
unshadow Path_to_passwd Path_to_shadow > output.txt
Now we have the combined merged.txt file:
Now lets put john to work. We could supply a password list for John to use but it comes with a default set of passwords so we may as well try those first.
To start the crack, point John at our newly created file:
Within a couple of seconds we appear to have a hit on most of the accounts:
It’s not always this quick and of course we are still missing the ‘root’ account but you get the idea. I let the crack run for another hour before cancelling but the root account had still not being cracked. The password may be hidden in the John password list I would just need to let the cracking process run to completion to find out. If that failed it might be worth trying some bigger password lists (such as the ‘rockyou’ list).
One way or another, once complete, you can view each of the accounts and their corresponding passwords by running the following command and referencing the original file you gave John to crack:
john show <file.txt>
If you want to confirm they work, test them out on the Metasploitable box:
I just spent at least 15 minutes trying to figure out why every single post on the Internet tells me to place MD5 hash in a file and call John like thisJohn The Ripper Crack Hash
john --format=raw-md5 --wordlist=/usr/share/dict/words md5.txtand yet, it constantly gives me an error message:
Now lets put john to work. We could supply a password list for John to use but it comes with a default set of passwords so we may as well try those first.
To start the crack, point John at our newly created file:
Within a couple of seconds we appear to have a hit on most of the accounts:
It’s not always this quick and of course we are still missing the ‘root’ account but you get the idea. I let the crack run for another hour before cancelling but the root account had still not being cracked. The password may be hidden in the John password list I would just need to let the cracking process run to completion to find out. If that failed it might be worth trying some bigger password lists (such as the ‘rockyou’ list).
One way or another, once complete, you can view each of the accounts and their corresponding passwords by running the following command and referencing the original file you gave John to crack:
john show <file.txt>
If you want to confirm they work, test them out on the Metasploitable box:
I just spent at least 15 minutes trying to figure out why every single post on the Internet tells me to place MD5 hash in a file and call John like thisJohn The Ripper Crack Hash
john --format=raw-md5 --wordlist=/usr/share/dict/words md5.txtand yet, it constantly gives me an error message:
No password hashes loaded (see FAQ)The content of md5.txt was:
20E11C279CE49BCC51EDC8041B8FAAAAI even tried prepending dummy user before this hash, like this:
dummyuser: 20E11C279CE49BCC51EDC8041B8FAAAAbut without any luck.
And of course I have extended version of John the Ripper that support raw-md5 format.
It turned out that John doesn't support capital letters in hash value! They have to be written in small letters like this:
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20e11c279ce49bcc51edc8041b8fbbb6after that change, everything worked like a charm.